Iran’s foreign minister has issued his most direct warning yet to the USA, threatening a full military response if Iran faces renewed attack, as the country remains under intense pressure following its deadly crackdown on protests. Writing in a US newspaper, he defended the government’s actions and blamed armed unrest for the violence, despite video evidence suggesting security forces fired on unarmed demonstrators. His remarks come amid heightened regional tensions, with a US aircraft carrier group moving toward the Middle East and American military assets repositioned across the region. Iran has also been accused of launching missile and drone strikes against a Kurdish separatist group in northern Iraq, further escalating concerns. Human rights organisations report more than 4,500 people killed and over 26,000 arrested during the protests, with fears growing that some could face execution. Iran’s Supreme Leader has acknowledged thousands of deaths while blaming the United States. Though protests have subsided amid internet shutdowns, the scale of casualties and rising military rhetoric have raised alarms about wider regional conflict and severe consequences for civilians.

Donald Trump has stepped back, at least temporarily, from threats of US military action against Iran, saying he has been assured that the killing of protesters has stopped and that no executions are planned. He said these assurances came from ‘very important sources on the other side’, though the claims have not been independently verified. Despite reports that over 3,400 have been killed during the recent anti-government protests and fears of imminent executions, Trump said he was unconvinced that military action would bring decisive change. He had been strenuously lobbied by leaders in the Middle East to not to go ahead with strikes which would be certain to lead to an Iranian counterstrike on US bases. Iranian officials have publicly denied plans for executions, and at least one expected execution has been postponed. While rhetoric has softened slightly, deep divisions over human rights abuses and Iran’s nuclear ambitions persist, leaving the situation fragile and unresolved.

The Chinese military is increasing its capability to disrupt vital US infrastructure, such as power and water utilities, communications, and transportation systems. Hackers linked to its People's Liberation Army have infiltrated around two dozen critical entities over the past year. Targets included a Hawaiian water utility, a major West Coast port, an oil and gas pipeline, and even an attempted breach of Texas's independent power grid. While these intrusions did not impact crucial industrial control systems or cause disruptions, they indicate China's intent to complicate US military efforts in the Pacific region during a potential conflict, particularly in the context of Taiwan. This cyber campaign, known as Volt Typhoon, emerged about a year ago, highlighting the increasingly antagonistic relationship between the two countries. These actions underscore China's evolving cyber strategy from espionage to potential infrastructure disruption.